PHD Dissertations
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/383
2024-03-28T21:38:58ZDYNAMICS OF LAND USE CHANGES ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN BARINGO COUNTY
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13617
DYNAMICS OF LAND USE CHANGES ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN BARINGO COUNTY
EDWARD LEKAICHU OLE KATEIYA
Land is a principal factor of production, a source of life and livelihoods. It provides a means of living and a variety of uses such as agricultural, human settlement, environmental conservation, urban and industrial development purposes among others. These land uses have been changing, and compete for space in a fixed area, hence the rising land use conflicts and deterioration of local communities’ livelihoods. The situation has threatened lives and livelihoods, making it difficult to plan for the livelihood activities in Baringo County. This is against the backdrop of land use policy changes including; sessional paper no 3 of 2009 on the National Land Policy, the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the Land Act, 2012, the Land Registration Act, 2012, the Community Land Act, 2016 and sessional paper no 1 of 2017 on National Land Use Policy that confers sanctity of land and its use. The study, therefore, sought to establish the drivers of land use changes, to determine the effects of land use changes and land use policy decisions, as well as to evaluate the responsiveness of government decisions on the land use changes. Using non-experimental survey design, the study obtained data used to answer the following research questions; what are the drivers, what the effects of land uses are and how do government decisions respond to the consequences of land use changes. a total of 323 households were randomly sampled from Baringo South, Tiaty, Baringo North and Eldama Ravine constituencies. The drivers of land use changes were qualitatively analyzed, while the Cobb-Douglas production model was used to estimate the effects of land use changes, and Multinomial logit model was used to determine the effects of land use policy and evaluate the responsiveness of government decisions. The study found out that land use policy change traced from colonial era was the key driver of land use changes in Baringo County. Land use policies changed from customary to European like statutory system during the colonial era, and its legacy continued to influence land use changes to date. The change created dual land use system; registered individual land use for arable which constitutes 20 % of the total land, and unregistered communal land use for dry areas which constitutes 73 % of the total land in Baringo County. This divergence due to dual application of policies spurred regional economic disparity associated with the wide productivity gap between ASALs and Highlands. The effects decreased human livelihood assets productivity by 56.1%, physical livelihood assets productivity by 53.4%, and financial livelihood assets productivity by 65.6% at different levels of significance. Though, it increased natural livelihood assets productivity by 54.3% and social livelihood assets productivity by 61.3 % at different levels of significance. The regional productivity difference showed that in Tiaty and Baringo South constituencies are ASALs under unregistered community land use, livelihood assets productivity decreased by 282.4 % and by 9% respectively. Whereas in Eldama Ravine and Baringo North which are highlands under registered private land use, livelihood assets productivity increased by 139.3% and by 5.1% respectively. The study found out that land use policy reinforces regional economic disparity and government decisions favored registered private land use relative to unregistered communal land use. The study concluded that dynamics of land use changes revolves around dual land use practices resulting to unstable and uncertain livelihoods for the local communities in Baringo County. The government, therefore, need to recognize, protect and register the local communities land use rights. Hence secure land tenure and sustainable livelihoods.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZATTACHMENT STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF BEHAVIORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13593
ATTACHMENT STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF BEHAVIORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
OWINO WALTER ODERA
Students in secondary schools are going through the adolescent stage during which there
is an increased desire to experiment with a number of risky activities including sexual
and substance use activities. Aggression and suicidal behaviors are also prevalent during
adolescence. Such behaviors could be partly related to problems in the attachment
phenomenon. The nature of attachment to parents/guardians and other attachment figures
influences adjustment and behavior across the human lifespan. Much of research on
attachment has however been done in Western countries. The influence of attachment in
adolescents has received less attention especially in Kenya. Thus, the current study
sought to investigate the relationships between secondary school students’ attachment
styles and risky sexual behavior, substance use, aggressive behavior and suicidal
behavior. The following objectives guided this study: to establish the relationship
between students’ attachment styles and risky sexual behavior; to determine the
relationship between students’ attachment styles and substance use; to determine the
relationship between students’ attachment styles and aggressive behavior and lastly to
establish the relationship between students’ attachment styles and suicidal behavior. The
study was anchored on the Attachment Theory by John Bowlby. A correlational research
design was used. Data on attachment styles and students’ deviant behavior was collected
using self-administered questionnaires. The study targeted a population of 10,451 Form
Three students in public secondary schools in Nairobi County. Purposive sampling was
used to select three sub-counties in Nairobi County. Stratified random sampling was used
to select nine schools and random sampling was used to select a sample of 385 students.
Nine guidance and counseling teachers also provided information pertaining to students’
involvement in deviant behaviors and relationships with their parents. Statistical Package
for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) software aided in analyzing the data. Descriptive
statistics are presented in tables and figures. Pearson product moment correlation at α =
.05 was used to determine bivariate relationships among the study variables and the study
hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analyses at α = .05. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was used to test the fitness of the regression models at α = .05. The study
found that secure attachment style predicted lower levels of risky sexual behavior (β = -
.182, p = .001), lower levels of substance use (β = -.117, p = .028) and lower levels of
aggressive behavior (β = -.116, p = .028). Preoccupied attachment style predicted higher
levels of risky sexual behavior (β = .176, p = .003), aggressive behavior (β = .117, p =
.048) and suicidal behavior (β = .487, p< .001). Dismissing attachment style predicted
higher levels of substance use (β = .174, p = .004), aggressive behavior (β = .157, p =
.008) and suicidal behavior (β = .122, p = .018). These findings indicate that insecure
attachment styles predicted involvement in risky sexual behavior, substance use,
aggressive behavior and suicidal behavior while secure attachment style was protective
against risky sexual behavior, substance use and aggressive behavior. The study therefore
recommends that students’ attachment styles should be addressed in school guidance and
counseling programs and that guidance and counseling teachers should work together
with parents and guardians to enhance formation of secure attachment among students as
this will reduce their risk of involvement in problem behaviors. The findings of this study
may help guidance and counseling teachers, counselors working with adolescents as well
as parents, guardians and stakeholders in education to design strategies to reduce
students’ involvement in deviant behavior.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZDETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AT THE TEACHERS SERVICE COMMISSION HEADQUARTERS, NAIROBI, KENYA
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13592
DETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AT THE TEACHERS SERVICE COMMISSION HEADQUARTERS, NAIROBI, KENYA
WESLEY KIPROP
Organizations have implemented overall quality management methods in
today's rapidly changing environment with high expectations, a quick-fix
attitude, and the belief that quality management is a crucial component of
success for competitiveness that will support their delivery of high-quality
services. Teachers Service Commission of Kenya is an organization that
facilitates coordination as well as ensures that the expectations of the
commission's mandate are met. Despite this, the commission has not been able
to fully accomplish its tasks toward the provision of high-quality services. This
study set out to analyse the determinants the commission use on total quality
management approaches, based on this premise the study had following the six
objectives on the implementation of total quality management at the Teachers
Service Commission Headquarters, Kenya which served as the basis for this:
commitment from top management officers, adequacy of resources, employee
training, level of communication, organizational culture and organizational
structure. The proper aims, theoretical underpinnings, and conceptual
framework were the main topics of the literature review. The Crossby and
Jurans theories served as the theoretical foundation since they provided a
methodology for identifying ideals while investigating quality management. As
a result, the study employed a mixed method research design because it gave
the researcher access to precise data for both quantitative and qualitative data
analysis. The target group consisted of 292 workers at the commission's
headquarters, including 53 lower-level employees and 160 clerks as well as 12
members of high management and 55 middle-level supervisors. A total of 92
respondents were included in the sample using the formula n=0.3N, of which 4
were top management, 18 were middle level supervisors, 53 were clerks, and
17 were junior workers. Three directorates out of seven were selected via
purposeful sampling since they represented big, medium, and small numbers of
personnel, respectively. The categories of staff in the sections under each
directorate were sampled using stratified random sampling. The supervisory
staff and lower cadre workers were surveyed to gather data. Schedules for
interviews with top management officers were employed to gather data. The
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was then used to evaluate the
data, and qualitative data was assessed utilizing key themes from published
content to draw logical conclusions about the research findings. To examine the
statistical link between research variables, quantitative data was analysed using
descriptive statistics like mean scores, standard deviations, and percentages as
well as inferential statistics like correlation and multiple regression analysis
approach. All the variables rejected the null hypothesis. Employee training had
the biggest influence on the criterion variable for top management commitment,
according to the results of multiple linear regression between the independent
variables and total quality management (t=.5.934, p<.005) while degree of
communication (t=.418, p<.05 had the lowest influence. For the commission as
well as any connected organizations to successfully apply comprehensive
quality management as a method for effective performance and service delivery,
the study recommended that strategic determinants be continuously embraced.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZEFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES AMONG LEARNERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13591
EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES AMONG LEARNERS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
LINNET BELDINA AYAKO NAMAI
There have been numerous instances of student unrest and indiscipline in secondary schools
across Kenya in the past three years, raising questions about the efficacy of the management
techniques used. According to reports, student morale had significantly declined, which led to
a high level of indiscipline in the majority of Nakuru County schools. It appears that the
values produced by these techniques are at odds with what society expects from learners. The
purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of management procedures in the
development of values among learners in public secondary schools in Nakuru County. This
study was guided by the following objectives which are: to establish the effectiveness of
disciplinary procedures on the development of values among learners; to determine the
effectiveness of student leadership selection procedures, on the development of values among
learners; to find out the effectiveness of examination procedures on the development of values
among learners, and to establish the effectiveness of guidance and counseling procedures on
the development of values among learners in public secondary schools. The research
philosophy guiding the study was the pragmatism philosophical paradigm. A descriptive
research design was used for the investigation. In the 285 public secondary schools in the
county, there were 285 principals, 285 teachers in charge of student behavior, and 285 student
leaders who made up the target population. In the study, 86 principals, 86 student
representatives, and 86 Form three class teachers were selected as the sample size. Of the
target population, this made up 30.0%. The study used a multi-stage sampling strategy. In the
investigation, both probability and non-probability sampling were used. First, the study chose
schools and principals using cluster sampling. The sample of student leaders was then chosen
using a straightforward random sampling procedure. The sample for teachers was chosen
using purposive sampling technique. Quantitative data was gathered using a checklist.
Utilizing both questionnaires and interview schedules, qualitative data was gathered. Teachers
and principals received questionnaires, while students received focus group discussion guides
and interview schedules. The questionnaires were subjected to reliability tests. Descriptive
statistics like frequencies, means, and percentages were analyzed in the quantitative data
analysis. The outputs were then presented in form of tables. Qualitative data were analyzed
using thematic analyses and presented in prose form. Disciplinary procedures were found
effective in developing values such as responsibility and obedience in at least 70% of the
schools. However, the procedures were not effective in the development of values such as
discipline, responsibility, integrity, peace, and obedience. Student leaders’ appointment
procedures in public secondary schools were not effective in creating values such as integrity,
responsibility, and honesty in over 90% of the schools. Examination and assessment
procedures employed helped develop values such as hard work, honesty, commitment,
responsibility, and discipline in over 50% of the schools. Guidance and Counseling
procedures were effective in developing values such as respect for teachers, responsibility,
peace, sharing, and love in over 70% of the schools. Nevertheless, these values were less than
50% of the schools. However, Stakeholders such as educational officers such as the Ministry
of Education, Teachers Service Commission, principals, and teachers may also use this
information, as a guide to policy guidelines review or formulation concerning management
procedures and values among learners.
2022-01-01T00:00:00Z