Gendered differences in the experience and perception of gender-based violence among child survivors in south Mugirango Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) against children remains a significant child protection concern, yet gender differences in children’s experiences and perceptions of violence are not always sufficiently examined at localized levels. This study examined gendered differences in the experience and perception of GBV among child survivors in South Mugirango Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya. Guided by Feminist Theory, the study employed a quantitative explanatory research design. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 145 child survivors and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), binary logistic regression, and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Chi-square results showed significant associations between gender and perceived threats or harm (χ² = 12.02, p = .017), reported experiences of sexual, physical, or psychological abuse (χ² = 15.27, p = .004), and awareness of non-reporting or informal handling of GBV incidents (χ² = 10.62, p = .031). ANOVA further showed significant gender differences in perceptions of GBV prevalence (p = .013) and threats or harm (p = .043), with girls reporting higher mean scores. Logistic regression indicated that girls had higher odds of perceiving GBV as severe (OR = 1.42, p = .014), while low socioeconomic status was also significant (OR = 1.55, p = .012). Factor analysis identified two dimensions: prevalence and abuse, and reporting culture. The study concludes that gender and socioeconomic conditions shape children’s experiences and perceptions of GBV, underscoring the need for gender-responsive and context-specific child protection interventions. Recommendations include strengthening gender-responsive prevention, reporting, and support mechanisms within schools, households, and community child-protection systems.