MMU Non-Teaching Staff (NTS)

An overview of carbon footprint reduction in the global coffee trade: Sustainable production, consumption

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

An overview of carbon footprint reduction in the global coffee trade: Sustainable production, consumption Xia Li, Bulitia Godrick, Tinega Nyamoko Joseph, Fengting L Coffee is one of the world’s most traded products, with coffee consumption becoming part of our daily lives. With increasing coffee production and consumption, the coffee trade between producing and non-producing countries is expected to continue growing. However, the coffee supply chain negatively impacts the environment through carbon emissions. As a result, this overview highlights and recommends specific initiatives that the coffee industry can embrace to reduce carbon emissions. These include: the replacement of plastic cup packaging with biodegradable cups; the use of plant-based milk products as opposed to cow milk; the integration of organic farming systems; the use of a heat induction hub to replace LPG gas stove; the reuse of spent coffee ground waste for brick making process and biofuels; introduction of carbon tax and automation of wet mill processing and wastewater reuse. This, in turn, not only reduces carbon footprint but mitigates the impact of climate change thus building a resilient coffee supply chain. Further study could be explored on building a more climate-smart and resilient coffee supply chain.

Effects of Organizational Structure Centralization on Employee Performance in Narok County Government

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effects of Organizational Structure Centralization on Employee Performance in Narok County Government Angela Lankas , Dr. Daniel Naikuni , Mr. Jackson Kulet Organizational structure describes the formal arrangement of jobs and tasks in organizations. It describes the allocation of authority and responsibility, and how rules and regulation are executed by workers in firms. Locally, studies on the relationship between organizational structure and organizational performance remain inconclusive and contradictory as evidenced from previous studies. This study used Kenyan data and government institutions by investigating the likely impact of organizational structure on performance of County governments of Kenya taking a case of Narok County government. The specific objectives of the study examine the effect of organizational structural centralization on employee performance. The study was anchored on Goal theory and equity theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design. Both primary and secondary data was used in this study. Primary data was obtained by use of questionnaires while secondary data by use of existing records. The population of the study was all staff working in Narok County Government. The study targets a total population of 5345 distributed in all departments and a sample size of 372 respondents was obtained from it. The County Executives, chief officers and directors will be randomly selected from the county. Other employees were selected using stratified random sampling thus the study draw 10% of each department employees using strata method. The collected data was processed and analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0 where linear regression was used to establish the relationship between (structural complexity, structural centralization, and structural formalization) and employee performance. The study has a lot of significance to Narok County Government as it will shed light on the importance of utilizing and improving effective organizational structure in order to enhance the performance of individual employees. The findings of this study are likely to benefit researchers in their efforts towards understanding the relationship between organizational structure and the performance of employee which is directly related to their organization productivity. Key words: County governments, organizational performance, Organizational structure, structural centralization

A Framework for Electronic Document Management in the Implementation of E-Government in Kenya

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

A Framework for Electronic Document Management in the Implementation of E-Government in Kenya Kirwa Priscah Cheptoo and Rogers Matikho Obare The implementation of Information and communication technology through e-government has proven to be effective in service delivery in many governments. A lot of developing countries are at risk of failing to implement their e-government services because of lack of proper guidelines which guide proper storage and management of electronic records. This paper aims to bring to light the significance of framework in the management of electronic records of profound e-government in Kenya implementation. This paper analyzes various secondary resources to reflect on the importance of electronic records vis-à-vis the support of egovernment in Kenya and why there is need to have a guideline in managing electronic records. Through ICT Authority (ICTA), the Kenyan government has developed some form of framework which guides the implementation and the requirements of managing electronic records management. However, there are no policies and regulation that directs the creation, storage, maintenance, dissemination and disposal of electronic records produced by various government institutions in Kenya. The manner in which electronic records are managed in government institutions is a recipe for disastrous e-government. Owing to the fact that advancement in technology is taking place at a high speed, the use of electronic records in government institutions will rise. This means that there is need to have adequate policies and guidelines that cover all facets of records management particularly electronic records management to foster profound government services through egovernment. After the adoption of Kenya vision 2030, Information and communication technology has been exploited in order to promote the efficiency and effectiveness in government administration. This paper recommends that The Kenya National Archives and Documentation Services (KNADS) needs to come up with a comprehensive policy for managing electronic records across all government institutions. The paper also recommends the importance of Digital achieving all government records into one platform controlled by the KNADS for effective and easier management. Keywords: Electronic Records Management, E-Government, Framework, Kenya

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small & Middle-Income Economies (SMEs) in Developing Nations: A Case Study of Narok Town, Kenya

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small & Middle-Income Economies (SMEs) in Developing Nations: A Case Study of Narok Town, Kenya Morompi Ole Masago , Moses Odhiambo Okombo , Sambu Alice , Kweingoti G Reuben , Bakari Chaka , Bulitia Godrick , Ole Kelele Joshua The COVID-19 pandemic caught many Small and Middle-Income Enterprises (SMEs) unaware and unplanned. The pandemic led to restriction of several economic activities in Kenya; key amongst them transportation, tourism and education. The ripple effect of these restrictions caught up with SMEs, taunted to be a growing economic pillar in Kenya. This study purposed to analyze the exact effect of the pandemic on SMEs in Narok region, Kenya using various economic metrics. The findings were geared to furnish policy makers with the exact economic situation resulting from COVID-19. A case study research design was used with the help of questionnaires, interviews and observations. The researchers found out that most of the entrepreneurs were actually youthful. Commencement of SMEs was largely dependent on the political environment. Most ofthe SMEs in the region had begun between 2016 to 2018. The number of employees per SME had been effectively reduced to an average of 2 with their daily wages reduced from Ksh. 800 to 200. The pandemic reduced the supply of SMEs stock from other regions into Narok. 82.86% of the SMEs were forced to obtain stock within the county itself. Both the supply of stock to SMEs and their corresponding demand by buyers were drastically reduced by 77.14% and 91.43% respectively. There was however no significant increment in the pricing of the products (P < 0.05). The net profit margins of the SMEs reduced from in excess of Ksh. 20,000 to about Ksh. 5,000 per month. Other auxiliary services such as finance lenders, insurance and marketers were equally affected. About 54.45% of the SMEs were facing dissolution by their owners should the situation persist. In conclusion, the researchers found out that COVID-19 was more of an economic pandemic rather than a health pandemic in the study region. The authors recommend the national and county government to cushion the premises by waiving off some of their taxes. Keywords: SMEs, COVID-19 pandemic, economic effects